American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 136, Issue 1 , Pages 47-54 , July 2003

Mortality after deferral of treatment or no treatment for choroidal melanoma

  • Bradley R Straatsma, MD

      Affiliations

    • Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (B.R.S., R.C., R.E.E.), Los Angeles, California, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Bradley R. Straatsma, MD, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 100 Stein Plaza, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095-7000; fax: (310) 206-4293.
  • ,
  • Marie Diener-West, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University (M.D.-W.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  • ,
  • Robert Caldwell, PA

      Affiliations

    • Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (B.R.S., R.C., R.E.E.), Los Angeles, California, USA
  • ,
  • Robert E Engstrom Jr, MD

      Affiliations

    • Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (B.R.S., R.C., R.E.E.), Los Angeles, California, USA
  • ,
  • For The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group

      Affiliations

    • A complete listing of the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) group is available in The American Journal of Ophthalmology 1998;125:757–765.

,Accepted 23 December 2002.

References 

  1. Fuchs E. Das Sarkom des Uvealtractus. Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1882. After Reese AB. Tumors of the eye. New York: Harper and Row; 1963;
  2. Weve H. On diathermy in ophthalmic practice. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1939;59:43–80
  3. Stallard HB. Radiotherapy for malignant melanoma of the choroid. Br J Ophthalmol. 1966;50:147–155
  4. Lommatzsch PK. Treatment of choroidal melanomas with 106Ru/106Rh beta-ray applicators. Surv Ophthalmol. 1974;19:85–100
  5. Davidorf FH, Makley TA, Lang JR. Radiotherapy of malignant melanoma of the choroid. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1976;81:849–861
  6. Packer S, Rotman M. Radiotherapy of choroidal melanoma with iodine-125. Ophthalmology. 1980;87:582–590
  7. Gragoudas ES, Goitein M, Verhey L, et al.  Proton beam irradiation of uveal melanoma (results of a 5 1/2 year study). Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:928–934
  8. Char DH, Saunders W, Castro JR, et al.  Helium ion therapy for choroidal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 1983;90:1219–1225
  9. Shields JA, Augsburger JJ, Brady LW, Day JL. Cobalt plaque therapy of posterior uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 1982;89:1201–1207
  10. Meyer-Schwickerath G. The preservation of vision by treatment of intraocular tumors with light coagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1961;66:36–44
  11. Boniuk M, Girard LJ. Malignant melanoma of the choroid treated with photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy and implanted radon seeds. Am J Ophthalmol. 1965;59:212–216
  12. Foulds WS, Damato BE. Alternatives to enucleation in the management of choroidal melanoma. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol. 1986;14:19–27
  13. Shields CL, Shields JA, Perez N, Singh AD, Cater J. Primary transpupillary thermotherapy for small choroidal melanoma in 256 consecutive cases. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:2; 225–234
  14. Saraux H, Belosse B. Histoire naturelle des mélanomes malins de la choroïde. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1988;11:169–175
  15. Augsburger JJ, Vrabec TR. Impact of delayed treatment in growing posterior uveal melanomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111:1382–1386
  16. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . Design and methods of a clinical trial for a rare condition (the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report no. 3). Control Clin Trials. 1993;14:362–391
  17. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . COMS manual of procedures, PB95–179693. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service; 1995;
  18. Straatsma BR, Fine SL, Earle JD, Hawkins BS, Diener-West M, McLaughlin JA  for the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Research Group . Enucleation versus plaque irradiation for choroidal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 1988;95:1000–1004
  19. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma, I (characteristics of patients enrolled and not enrolled. COMS report no. 9). Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125:767–778
  20. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma, II (initial mortality findings. COMS report no. 10). Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125:779–796
  21. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma, III (local complications and observations following enucleation: COMS report no. 11). Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;126:362–372
  22. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma, II (characteristics of patients enrolled and not enrolled. COMS report no. 17). Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:951–965
  23. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma, III (initial mortality findings. COMS report no. 18). Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:969–982
  24. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53:457–481
  25. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc. 1972;34:187–202
  26. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group . Histopathologic characteristics of uveal melanoma in eyes enucleated from the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report no. 6. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125:745–766
  27. Laquis SJ, Freeman JM, Fleming JC, Wilson MW, Haik BG. A rapid growing choroidal melanoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:580
  28. Friberg TR, Fineberg E, McQuaig S. Extremely rapid growth of a primary choroidal melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:1375–1377
  29. Manschot WA. The natural history of uveal melanomas and its therapeutic consequences. Doc Ophthalmol. 1980;50:83–99
  30. Manschot WA, Lee WR, van Strik R. Uveal melanoma: updated considerations on current management modalities. Int Ophthalmol 1995–96;19:203–209
  31. Eskelin S, Pyrhönen S, Summanen P, Hahka-Kemppinen M, Kivelä T. Tumor doubling time in metastatic malignant melanoma of the uvea. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:1443–1449
  32. Rennie I. Melanomas, metastases, and survival. [Editorial] Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:685–687
  33. Sisley K, Rennie IG, Cottam DW, Potter AM, Potter CW, Rees RC. Cytogenetic findings in six posterior uveal melanomas. Genes Chrom Cancer. 1990;2:205–209
  34. Prescher G, Bornfeld N, Becher R. Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in primary uveal melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990;82:1765–1769
  35. Sisley K, Cottam DC, Rennie IG, et al.  Non-random abnormalities of chromosomes 3, 6 and 8 associated with posterior uveal melanoma. Genes Chrom Cancer. 1992;5:197–200
  36. Cottam DW, Rennie IG, Woods K, Parsons MA, Bunning RAD, Rees RC. Gelatinolytic metalloproteinase secretion patterns in ocular melanoma. Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:1923–1927
  37. Frost PH, Butterfield LH, Dissette VB, Economou JS, Bonavida B. Immunosensitization of melanoma tumor cells to non-MHC Fas-mediated killing by MART-1-specific CTL cultures. J Immunol. 2001;166:3564–3573
  38. Ribas A, Butterfield LH, Hu B, et al.  Immune deviation and Fas-mediated deletion limit antitumor activity after multiple dendritic cell vaccinations in mice. Cancer Res. 2000;60:2218–2224

 This study was supported by the National Eye Institute and the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, New York.

PII: S0002-9394(02)02270-5

doi: 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)02270-5

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 136, Issue 1 , Pages 47-54 , July 2003