American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 139, Issue 1 , Pages 30-38 , January 2005

Sociodemographic factors and age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

  • Samantha Fraser-Bell, MBBS, MHA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
    • ,
  • Jill Donofrio, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
    • ,
  • Joanne Wu, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department Economics and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Ronald Klein, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
    • ,
  • Stanley P. Azen, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
    • Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine
    • ,
  • Rohit Varma, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
    • Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Rohit Varma, MD, MPH, Doheny Eye Institute, 1450 San Pablo Street DEI4900, Los Angeles, CA 90033; fax: (323) 446-6412
    • ,
  • Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group

,Accepted 16 August 2004.

References 

  1. Klein R , Wang Q , Klein BE , Moss SE , Meuer SM . The relationship of age-related maculopathy, cataract, and glaucoma to visual acuity . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1995;36:182–191
  2. Sommer A , Tielsch JM , Katz J , et al.   Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindness in East Baltimore . N Engl J Med . 1991;325:1412–1417
  3. Attebo K , Mitchell P , Smith W . Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1996;103:357–364
  4. Klaver CC , Wolfs RC , Vingerling JR , Hofman A , de Jong PT . Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population (the Rotterdam Study) . Arch Ophthalmol . 1998;116:653–658
  5. Jonasson F , Thordarson K . Prevalence of ocular disease and blindness in a rural area in the eastern region of Iceland during 1980 through 1984 . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl . 1987;182:40–43
  6. Evans J . Causes of blindness and partial sight in England and Wales. Studies on medical and population subjects. No. 57 . London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office; 1995;
  7. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group . Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1992;110:1701–1708
  8. Klein R , Klein BEK , Jensen SC , Moss SE . The relation of socioeconomic factors to the incidence of early age-related maculopathy (the Beaver Dam Eye Study) . Am J Ophthalmol . 2001;132:128–131
  9. Cruickshanks KJ , Hamman RF , Klein R , Nondahl DM , Shetterly SM . The prevalence of age-related maculopathy by geographic region and ethnicity. The Colorado-Wisconsin Study of Age-Related Maculopathy . Arch Ophthalmol . 1997;115:242–250
  10. Population Projections Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau . Projections of the Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Nativity (Middle Series, 2050 to 2070) . 2003; http://www.census.gov/population/projections/nation/summary/np-t5-g.txt Accessed on April 26
  11. U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder. Available at http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/BasicFactsServlet. Accessed on April 25, 2003.
  12. U.S. Bureau of the Census . Current Population Reports. Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995–2050, Series P25–1130 . Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census; 1996;
  13. Solis JM , Marks G , Garcia M , Shelton D . Acculturation, access to care, and use of preventive services by Hispanics (findings from NHANES 1982–84) . Am J Public Health . 1990;80(suppl):11–19
  14. Varma R , Paz S , Azen SP , et al.   The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (design, methods and baseline data) . Ophthalmology . 2004;111:1121–1131
  15. Diabetic Retinopathy Study . Report number 7 (a modification of the Airlie House classification of diabetic retinopathy) . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1981;21:210–226
  16. Klein R , Davis MD , Magli YL , et al.   The Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1128–1134
  17. Varma R , Fraser-Bell S , Tan S , Klein R , Azen SP  Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group . Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Latinos (the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study) . Ophthalmology . 2004;111:1288–1297
  18. Cuellar I , Harris LC , Jasso R . An acculturation scale for Mexican American normal and clinical populations . Hisp J Behav Sci . 1980;2:199–217
  19. Klein R , Klein BEK , Linton KL . Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:933–943
  20. Mitchell P , Smith W , Attebo K , Wang JJ . Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1995;102:1450–1460
  21. Vingerling JR , Dielemans I , Hofman A , et al.   The prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Rotterdam study . Ophthalmology . 1995;102:205–210
  22. Smith W , Assink J , Klein R , et al.   Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Pooled findings from three continents . Ophthalmology . 2001;108:697–704
  23. Evans JR . Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration . Prog Retin Eye Res . 2001;20:227–253
  24. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group . Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. A case-control study in the age-related eye disease study: age-related eye disease study report number 3 . Ophthalmology . 2000;107:2224–2232
  25. Miyazaki M , Nakamura H , Kubo M , et al.   Risk factors for age-related maculopathy in a Japanese population (the Hisayama study) . Br J Ophthalmol . 2003;87:469–472
  26. Vingerling JR , Dielemans I , Witteman JCM , et al.   Macular degeneration and early menopause (a case-control study) . BMJ . 1995;310:1570–1571
  27. Smith W , Mitchell P , Wang JJ . Sex, oestrogen, hormone replacement and age-related macular degeneration (results from the Blue Mountains Eye Study) . Aust N Z J Ophthalmol . 1997;25(supp 1):S13–S15
  28. Christen WG , Glynn RJ , Manson JE , Ajani UA , Buring JE . A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of age-related macular degeneration in men . JAMA . 1996;276:1147–1151
  29. Smith W , Mitchell P , Leeder SR . Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1996;114:1518–1523
  30. Seddon JM , Willett WC , Speizer FE , Hankinson SE . A prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women . JAMA . 1996;276:1141–1146
  31. Vinding T , Appleyard M , Nyboe J , Jensen G . Risk factor analysis for atrophic and exudative age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals . Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) . 1992;70:66–72
  32. Ajani UA , Christen WG , Manson JE , et al.   A prospective study of alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related macular degeneration . Ann Epidemiol . 1999;9:172–177
  33. Pleis JR , Benson V , Schiller JS  National Center for Health Statistics . Summary health statistics for U.S. Adults (National Health Interview Survey, 2000) . Vital Health Stat . 2003;10(215):16; 85–90
  34. Hyman L , Neborsky R . Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (an update) . Curr Opin Ophthalmol . 2002;13:171–175
  35. Goldberg J , Flowerdew G , Smith E , Brody JA , Tso MO . Factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. An analysis of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . Am J Epidemiol . 1988;128:700–710
  36. Chaine G , Hullo A , Sahel J , et al.   Case-control study of the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration . Br J Ophthalmol . 1998;82:996–1002
  37. Klein BE , Klein R , Jensen SC , Ritter LL . Are sex hormones associated with age-related maculopathy in women? The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1994;92:289–295
  38. Klein R , Rowland ML , Harris MI . Racial/ethnic differences in age-related maculopathy. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . Ophthalmology . 1995;102:371–381
  39. Klein R , Klein BE , Cruickshanks KJ . The prevalence of age-related maculopathy by geographic region and ethnicity . Prog Retin Eye Res . 1999;18:371–389
  40. Schachat AP , Hyman L , Leske MC , Connell AMA , Wu SY  The Barbados Eye Study Group . Features of age-related macular degeneration in a black population . Arch Ophthalmol . 1995;113:728–735
  41. Friedman SD , Katz J , Bressler NM , Rahmani B , Tielsch JM . Racial differences in the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (the Baltimore Eye Survey) . Ophthalmology . 1999;106:1049–1055
  42. Smith W , Mitchell P . Family history and age-related maculopathy (the Blue Mountains Eye Study) . Aust N Z J Ophthalmol . 1998;26:203–206
  43. Klaver CCW , Wolfs RCW , Assink JJM , et al.   Genetic risk of age-related maculopathy. Population-based familial aggregation study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1998;116:1646–1651
  44. Kahn HS , Leibowitz HM , Ganley JP , et al.  Association of ophthalmic pathology with single variables previously measured in the Framingham Heart Study   The Framingham Eye Study. II . Am J Epidemiol . 1977;106:33–41
  45. Klein R , Klein BEK , Jensen SC , et al.   Age-related maculopathy in a multiracial United States population (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III) . Ophthalmology . 1999;106:1056–1065

 This study was supported by grants EY 11753 and EY 03040 from the National Eye Institute and the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, New York. Rohit Varma is a Research to Prevent Blindness Sybil B. Harrington Scholar.

PII: S0002-9394(04)00998-5

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.08.029

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 139, Issue 1 , Pages 30-38 , January 2005

Article Tools