American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 139, Issue 2 , Pages 247-252 , February 2005

Optic disk ovality as an index of tilt and its relationship to myopia and perimetry

Presented at ARVO, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, April 24–29, 2004.

  • Eugene Tay, MRCS(Ed), MRCOphth

      Affiliations

    • Moorfields Eye Hospital, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England
    • ,
  • Steve K. Seah (FRCS(Ed), FRCOphth)

      Affiliations

    • Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
    • ,
  • Siew-Pang Chan, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Singapore
    • ,
  • Albert T.H. Lim (FRCS(Ed))

      Affiliations

    • Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Singapore
    • Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
    • ,
  • Sek-Jin Chew, PhD (FRCS(Ed))

      Affiliations

    • Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
    • ,
  • Paul J. Foster, PhD (FRCS(Ed))

      Affiliations

    • Moorfields Eye Hospital, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England
    • Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England
    • Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
    • ,
  • Tin Aung (FRCS(Ed), FRCOphth)

      Affiliations

    • Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
    • Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Singapore
    • National University of Singapore, Singapore
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Dr Tin Aung, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11, Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751; fax: (+65) 62263395

,Accepted 30 August 2004.

References 

  1. Lin LLK , Shih YF , Tsai CB , et al.   Epidemiologic study of ocular refraction among schoolchildren in Taiwan in 1995 . Optom Vis Sci . 1999;76:275–281
  2. Ling SL , Chen AJ , Rajan U , et al.   Myopia in ten year old children—a case control study . Singapore Med J . 1987;28:288–292
  3. Tay MTH , Au Eong KG , Ng CY , et al.   Myopia and educational achievement in 421,116 young Singaporean males . Ann Acad Med Singapore . 1992;21:785–791
  4. Au Eong KG , Tay TH , Lim MK . Race, culture and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males . Singapore Med J . 1993;34:29–32
  5. Au Eong KG , Tay TH , Lim MK . Education and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males . Singapore Med J . 1993;34:489–492
  6. Podos SM , Becker B , Morton WR . High myopia and primary open angle glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol . 1966;62:1038–1043
  7. Daubs JG , Crick RP . Effect of refractive error on the risk of ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1981;101:121–126
  8. Phelps CD . Effect of myopia on prognosis in treated primary open angle glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol . 1982;93:622–628
  9. Perkins ES , Phelps CD . Open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, low tension glaucoma and refraction . Arch Ophthalmol . 1982;100:1464–1467
  10. Wilson MR , Hertzmark E , Walker AM , et al.   A case control study of risk factors in open angle glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol . 1987;105:1066–1071
  11. Mitchell P , Hourihan F , Sandbach J , et al.   The relationship between glaucoma and myopia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1999;106:2010–2015
  12. Tomlinson A , Phillips CI . Applanation tension and axial length of the eyeball . Br J Ophthalmol . 1970;54:548–553
  13. Abdalla MI , Hamdi M . Applanation ocular tension in myopia and emmetropia . Br J Ophthalmol . 1970;54:122–125
  14. David R , Zangwill LM , Tessler Z , et al.   The correlation between intraocular pressure and refractive status . Arch Ophthalmol . 1985;103:1812–1815
  15. Rudnicka AR , Edgar DF . Automated static perimetry in myopes with peripapillary crescents—part II . Ophthalmol Physiol Opt . 1996;16:416–429
  16. Aung T , Foster PJ , Seah SK , et al.   Automated static perimetry (The influence of myopia and its method of correction) . Opthalmology . 2001;108:290–295
  17. Rudnicka AR , Edgar DF . Automated static perimetry in myopes with peripapillary crescents—part 1 . Ophthalmol Physiol Opt . 1995;15:409–412
  18. Jonas JB , Gusek GC , Naumann GOH . Optic disk morphometry in high myopia . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1988;226:587–590
  19. Jonas JB , Dichtl A . Optic disk morphology in myopic primary angle glaucoma . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1997;235:627–633
  20. Dichtl A , Jonas JB , Naumann GOH . Histomorphometry of the optic disc in highly myopic eyes with absolute secondary angle closure glaucoma . Br J Ophthalmol . 1998;82:286–289
  21. Vongphanit JV , Mitchell P , Wang JJ . Population prevalence of tilted optic discs and the relationship of this sign to refractive error . Am J Ophthalmol . 2002;133:679–685
  22. Apple DJ , Rabb MF , Walsh PM . Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc . Surv Ophthalmol . 1982;27:3–41
  23. Jonas JB , Gusek GC , Naumann GO . Optic disc, cup and neuroretinal rim size, configuration and correlations in normal eyes . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1988;29:1151–1158
  24. Jonas JB , Kling F , Grundler AE . Optic disc shape, corneal astigmatism and amblyopia . Ophthalmology . 1997;104:1934–1937
  25. Bland JM , Altman DG . Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement . Lancet . 1986;1:307–310
  26. Altman DG . In: Practical statistics for medical research . Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall; 1999;p. 403–409
  27. Cook D , Weisberg S . Diagnostics for heteroscedasticity in regression . Biometrika . 1983;70:1–10
  28. Young SE , Walsh FB , Knox DL . The tilted disk syndrome . Am J Ophthalmol . 1976;82:16–23
  29. Rucker CW . Bitemporal defects in the visual fields resulting from developmental anomalies of the optic disks . Arch Ophthalmol . 1946;35:546–554
  30. Graham MV , Wakefield GJ . Bitemporal visual field defects associated with anomalies of the optic discs . Br J Ophthalmol . 1973;57:307–314
  31. Dorrell D . The tilted disc . Br J Ophthalmol . 1978;62:16–20
  32. Brazitikos PD , Safran AB , Simona F , Zulauf M . Threshold perimetry in tilted disc syndrome . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:1698–1700

 The study was supported by a grant from the Defence Medical Research Institute, Singapore.

PII: S0002-9394(04)01089-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.08.076

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 139, Issue 2 , Pages 247-252 , February 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution