American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 140, Issue 1 , Pages 35.e1-35.e12 , July 2005

Systemic Markers of Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Age-Related Maculopathy

  • Ronald Klein, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Ronald Klein, MD, MPH, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, 460 WARF, Madison, WI 53726; fax: (608) 263-0279
    • ,
  • Barbara E.K. Klein, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
    • ,
  • Michael D. Knudtson, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
    • ,
  • Tien Yin Wong, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
    • ,
  • Anoop Shankar, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
    • ,
  • Michael Y. Tsai, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

,Accepted 29 January 2005.

References 

  1. Sarks SH , Penfold PL , Killingsworth MC , Van Driel D . In:  Ryan SJ ,  Dawson AK ,  Little HL editor. Patterns in macular degeneration . New York: Grune & Stratton; 1985;p. 87–93
  2. Penfold PL , Killingsworth MC , Sarks SH . Senile macular degeneration (the involvement of giant cells in atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium) . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1986;27:364–372
  3. Penfold PL , Madigan MC , Gillies MC , Provis JM . Immunological and aetiological aspects of macular degeneration . Prog Retin Eye Res . 2001;20:385–414
  4. Hageman GS , Luthert PJ , Victor Chong NH , et al.   An integrated hypothesis that considers drusen as biomarkers of immune-mediated processes at the RPE-Bruch’s membrane interface in aging and age-related macular degeneration . Prog Retin Eye Res . 2001;20:705–732
  5. Anderson DH , Mullins RF , Hageman GS , Johnson LV . A role for local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye . Am J Ophthalmol . 2002;134:411–431
  6. Ernst E , Hammerschmidt DE , Bagge U , Matrai A , Dormandy JA . Leukocytes and the risk of ischemic diseases . JAMA . 1987;257:2318–2323
  7. Kannel WB , Anderson K , Wilson PW . White blood cell count and cardiovascular disease. Insights from the Framingham Study . JAMA . 1992;267:1253–1256
  8. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group . Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1992;110:1701–1708
  9. Klein R , Klein BE , Franke T . The relationship of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors to age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1993;100:406–414
  10. Smith W , Mitchell P , Leeder SR , Wang JJ . Plasma fibrinogen levels, other cardiovascular risk factors, and age-related maculopathy (the Blue Mountains Eye Study) . Arch Ophthalmol . 1998;116:583–587
  11. Klein R . EpidemiologyIn . In:  Berger JW ,  Fine SL ,  Maguire MG editor. Age-related macular degeneration . St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1999;p. 31–55
  12. Klein R , Clegg L , Cooper LS , et al.   Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1999;117:1203–1210
  13. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group . Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. A case-control study in the Age-related Eye Disease Study: Age-related Eye Disease Study report number 3 . Ophthalmology . 2000;107:2224–2232
  14. Klein R , Klein BE , Jensen SC , et al.   Age-related maculopathy in a multiracial United States population (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III) . Ophthalmology . 1999;106:1056–1065
  15. Klein R , Klein BE , Marino EK , et al.   Early age-related maculopathy in the Cardiovascular Health Study . Ophthalmology . 2003;110:25–33
  16. Klein R , Klein BE , Jensen SC . The relation of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors to the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (the Beaver Dam Eye Study) . Ophthalmology . 1997;104:1804–1812
  17. Snow KK , Seddon JM . Do age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease share common antecedents? . Ophthalmic Epidemiol . 1999;6:125–143
  18. Blumenkranz MS , Russell SR , Robey MG , Kott-Blumenkranz R , Penneys N . Risk factors in age-related maculopathy complicated by choroidal neovascularization . Ophthalmology . 1986;93:552–558
  19. Seddon JM , Gensler G , Milton RC , Klein ML , Rifai N . Association between C-reactive protein and age-related macular degeneration . JAMA . 2004;291:704–710
  20. Klein R , Klein BE , Jensen SC , et al.   Medication use and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy (the Beaver Dam Eye Study) . Arch Ophthalmol . 2001;119:1354–1359
  21. Christen WG , Glynn RJ , Ajani UA , et al.   Age-related maculopathy in a randomized trial of low-dose aspirin among US physicians . Arch Ophthalmol . 2001;119:1143–1149
  22. Gillies MC , Simpson JM , Luo W , et al.   A randomized clinical trial of a single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (one-year results) . Arch Ophthalmol . 2003;121:667–673
  23. Jonas JB , Akkoyun I , Budde WM , Kreissig I , Degenring RF . Intravitreal reinjection of triamcinolone for exudative age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 2004;122:218–222
  24. D’Amico DJ , Goldberg MF , Hudson H , et al.   Anecortave acetate as monotherapy for treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (twelve-month clinical outcomes) . Ophthalmology . 2003;110:2372–2383
  25. Lip PL , Blann AD , Hope-Ross M , Gibson JM , Lip GY . Age-related macular degeneration is associated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor, hemorheology and endothelial dysfunction . Ophthalmology . 2001;108:705–710
  26. Klein R , Klein BE , Linton KL , De Mets DL . The Beaver Dam Eye Study (visual acuity) . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1310–1315
  27. Klein R , Klein BE , Lee KE . Changes in visual acuity in a population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1996;103:1169–1178
  28. Klein R , Klein BE , Lee KE , Cruickshanks KJ , Chappell RJ . Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 10-year period (The Beaver Dam Eye Study) . Ophthalmology . 2001;108:1757–1766
  29. Klein R , Klein BE . The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Manual of operations . Springfield, VA: U.S. Department of Commerce; 1991; NTIS Accession No. PB91-149823
  30. Klein R , Klein BE . The Beaver Dam Eye Study II. Manual of operations . Springfield, VA: U.S. Department of Commerce; 1995; NTIS Accession No. PB95-273827
  31. Klein R , Davis MD , Magli YL , et al.   The Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1128–1134
  32. Klein R , Davis MD , Magli YL , Segal P , Klein BE . The Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System . Springfield, VA: U.S. Department of Commerce; 1991; NTIS Accession No. PB91-184267
  33. Klein R , Klein BE , Linton KL . Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:933–943
  34. Klein R , Klein BE , Jensen SC , Meuer SM . The five-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy (the Beaver Dam Eye Study) . Ophthalmology . 1997;104:7–21
  35. Klein R , Klein BE , Linton KL , De Mets DL . The Beaver Dam Eye Study (visual acuity) . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1310–1315
  36. Klein R , Klein BE , Lee KE . Changes in visual acuity in a population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1996;103:1169–1178
  37. Klein R , Klein BE , Linton KL , De Mets DL . The Beaver Dam Eye Study (visual acuity) . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1310–1315
  38. Klein R , Klein BE , Lee KE . Changes in visual acuity in a population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1996;103:1169–1178
  39. Klein R , Klein BE , Linton KL . Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:933–943
  40. Klein R , Klein BE , Jensen SC , Meuer SM . The five-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy (the Beaver Dam Eye Study) . Ophthalmology . 1997;104:7–21
  41. Kaplan EL , Meier P . Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations . J Am Stat Assoc . 1958;53:457–481
  42. Hosmer DW , Lemeshow S . Applied logistic regression . In: New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1989;p. 238–245
  43. SAS Institute Inc. SAT/STAT User’s Guide, Version 8.1 . Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1999;
  44. Klein R , Klein BE , Tomany SC , Cruickshanks KJ . Association of emphysema, gout, and inflammatory markers with long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy . Arch Ophthalmol . 2003;121:
  45. Klein R , Klein BE , Marino EK , et al.   Early age-related maculopathy in the Cardiovascular Health Study . Ophthalmology . 2003;110:25–33
  46. Klein R , Clegg L , Cooper LS , et al.   Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1999;117:1203–1210
  47. Yeh DC , Bula DV , Miller JW , Gragoudas ES , Arroyo JG . Expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules in human subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes treated with and without photodynamic therapy . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2004;45:2368–2373
  48. Kalayoglu MV , Galvan C , Mahdi OS , Byrne GI , Mansour S . Serological association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 2003;121:478–482
  49. Ishida O , Oku H , Ikeda T , et al.   Is Chlamydia pneumoniae infection a risk factor for age related macular degeneration? . Br J Ophthalmol . 2003;87:523–524
  50. Starkebaum G , Harlan JM . Endothelial cell injury due to copper-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide generation from homocysteine . J Clin Invest . 1986;77:1370–1376
  51. Morrison HI , Schaubel D , Desmeules M , Wigle DT . Serum folate and risk of fatal coronary heart disease . JAMA . 1996;275:1893–1896
  52. Flower L , Ahuja RH , Humphries SE , Mohamed-Ali V . Effects of sample handling on the stability of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin . Cytokine . 2000;12:1712–1716
  53. Thavasu PW , Longhurst S , Joel SP , Slevin ML , Balkwill FR . Measuring cytokine levels in blood. Importance of anticoagulants, processing, and storage conditions . J Immunol Methods . 1992;153:115–124
  54. Ledue TB , Rifai N . Preanalytic and analytic sources of variations in C-reactive protein measurement (implications for cardiovascular disease risk assessment) . Clin Chem . 2003;49:1258–1271
  55. Wilkins J , Gallimore JR , Moore EG , Pepys MB . Rapid automated high sensitivity enzyme immunoassay of C-reactive protein . Clin Chem . 1998;44:1358–1361

 This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland, grant no. EY06594 (R.K. and B.E.K.K.).

PII: S0002-9394(05)00151-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.01.051

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 140, Issue 1 , Pages 35.e1-35.e12 , July 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution