American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 142, Issue 1 , Pages 75-81.e1 , July 2006

Occult Thyroid Eye Disease in Patients With Unexplained Ocular Misalignment Identified by Standardized Orbital Echography

  • Nicholas J. Volpe, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Department of Neurology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Nicholas J. Volpe, MD, 51 North 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
    • ,
  • James A. Sbarbaro, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Kym Gendron Livingston, ROUB

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Steven L. Galetta, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Department of Neurology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Grant T. Liu, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Department of Neurology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Laura J. Balcer, MD, MSCE

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Department of Neurology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

,Accepted 30 January 2006.

References 

  1. Villadolid MC , Yokoyama N , Izumi M , et al.   Untreated Graves disease patients without clinical ophthalmopathy demonstrate a high frequency of extraocular muscle enlargement by magnetic resonance . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1995;80:2830–2833
  2. Feldon SE , Weiner JM . Clinical significance of extraocular muscle volumes in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (a quantitative computed tomography study) . Arch Ophthalmol . 1982;100:1266–1269
  3. Hallin ES , Feldon SE . Graves ophthalmopathy (simple CT estimates of extraocular muscle volume) . Br J Ophthalmol . 1988;72:674–677
  4. Bartley GB , Gorman CA . Diagnostic criteria for Graves ophthalmopathy . Am J Ophthalmol . 1995;119:792–795
  5. Given-Wilson R , Pope RM , Michell MJ , Cannon R , McGregor AM . The use of real-time orbital ultrasound in Graves ophthalmopathy (a comparison with computed tomography) . Br J Radiol . 1989;62:705–709
  6. Coleman DJ , Jack RL , Franzen LA , Werner SC . High resolution B-scan ultrasonography of the orbit (eye changes of Graves disease) . Arch Ophthalmol . 1972;88:465–471
  7. Werner SC , Coleman DJ , Franzen LA . Ultrasonographic evidence of a consistent orbital involvement in Graves disease . N Engl J Med . 1974;290:1447–1450
  8. Forrester JV , Sutherland GR , McDougall IR . Dysthyroid ophthalmopathy (orbital evaluation with B-scan ultrasonography) . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1977;45:221–224
  9. Bryne SF , Green RL . Ultrasound of the eye and orbit . St Louis, Missouri: Mosby; 1992; p. 353–392
  10. Trokel SL , Hilal SK . Recognition and differential diagnosis of enlarged extraocular muscles in computed tomography . Am J Ophthalmol . 1979;87:503–512
  11. Char DH . Thyroid eye disease . 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997; 63–111
  12. Scott IU , Siatkowski MR . Thyroid eye disease . Semin Ophthalmol . 1999;14:52–61
  13. Kahaly GJ . Imaging in thyroid-associated orbitopathy . Eur J Endocrinol . 2001;145:107–118
  14. Byrne SF , Gendron EK , Glaser JS , Feuer W , Atta H . Diameter of normal extraocular recti muscles with echography . Am J Ophthalmol . 1991;112:706–713
  15. Holt JE , O’Connor PS , Douglas JP , Byrne B . Extraocular muscle size comparison using standardized A-scan echography and computerized tomography scan measurements . Ophthalmology . 1985;92:1351–1355

PII: S0002-9394(06)00258-3

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.01.089

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 142, Issue 1 , Pages 75-81.e1 , July 2006

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