American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 142, Issue 3 , Pages 435-440.e1 , September 2006

Stiffness of Retinal and Choroidal Tissue: A Surface Wrinkling Analysis of Epiretinal Membranes and Choroidal Folds

  • Lucian V. Del Priore, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York
    • Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York.
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Lucian V. Del Priore, MD, PhD, Professor and Robert L. Burch III Scholar, Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute of Columbia University, 635 West 165th Street, New York, New York

,Accepted 4 April 2006.

References 

  1. Cerda E , Mahadevan L . Geometry and physics of wrinkling . Phys Rev Lett . 2003;90:074302
  2. Green WR , Kenyon KR , Michels RG , Gilbert HD , De La Cruz Z . Ultrastructure of epiretinal membranes causing macular pucker after retinal re-attachment surgery . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1979;99:65–77
  3. Bellhorn MB , Friedman AH , Wise GN , Henkind P . Ultrastructure and clinicopathologic correlation of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis . Am J Ophthalmol . 1975;79:366–373
  4. Chaitin MH , Ankrum MT , Wortham HS . Distribution of CD44 in the retina during development and the RDS degeneration . Brain Res Dev Brain Res . 1996;94:92–98
  5. Chaitin MH , Brun-Zinkernagel AM . Immunolocalization of CD44 in the dystrophic rat retina . Exp Eye Res . 1998;67:283–292
  6. Chaitin MH , Hall MO . Defective ingestion of rod outer segments by cultured dystrophic rat pigment epithelial cells . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1983;24:812–820
  7. Chaitin MH , Wortham HS , Brun-Zinkernagel AM . Immunocytochemical localization of CD44 in the mouse retina . Exp Eye Res . 1994;58:359–365
  8. Krishnamoorthy R , Agarwal N , Chaitin MH . Upregulation of CD44 expression in the retina during the RDS degeneration . Brain Res Mol Brain Res . 2000;77:125–130
  9. Mayerson PL , Hall MO . Rat retinal pigment epithelial cells show specificity of phagocytosis in vitro . J Cell Biol . 1986;103:299–308
  10. Michels RG . Surgical management of epiretinal membranes . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1979;99:54–62
  11. Michels RG . Vitreous surgery for macular pucker . Am J Ophthalmol . 1981;92:628–639
  12. Trese M , Chandler DB , Machemer R . Macular pucker. II. Ultrastructure . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1983;221:16–26
  13. Trese MT , Chandler DB , Machemer R . Macular pucker. I. Prognostic criteria . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1983;221:12–15
  14. Smiddy WE , Michels RG , Gilbert HD , Green WR . Clinicopathologic study of idiopathic macular pucker in children and young adults . Retina . 1992;12:232–236
  15. Vidaurri-Leal J , Hohman R , Glaser BM . Effect of vitreous on morphologic characteristics of retinal pigment epithelial cells. A new approach to the study of proliferative vitreoretinopathy . Arch Ophthalmol . 1984;102:1220–1223
  16. Bird AC , Sanders MD . Choroidal folds in association with papilledema . Br J Ophthalmol . 1973;57:89–97
  17. Bullock JD , Egbert PR . Experimental choroidal folds . Am J Ophthalmol . 1974;78:618–623
  18. Cairns JD . Disk edema and choroidal folds . Aust J Ophthalmol . 1973;1:30–35
  19. Cassidy LM , Sanders MD . Choroidal folds and papilledema . Br J Ophthalmol . 1999;83:1139–1143
  20. Friberg TR . The etiology of choroidal folds. A biomechanical explanation . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1989;227:459–464
  21. Gass JD . Radial chorioretinal folds. A sign of choroidal neovascularization . Arch Ophthalmol . 1981;99:1016–1018
  22. Gonshor LG , Kline LB . Choroidal folds and dural cavernous sinus fistula . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:1065–1066
  23. Griebel SR , Kosmorsky GS . Choroidal folds associated with increased intracranial pressure . Am J Ophthalmol . 2000;129:513–516
  24. Machemer R . Choroidal folds . Am J Ophthalmol . 1979;87:252
  25. Newell FW . Choroidal folds. The seventh Harry Searls Gradle Memorial lecture . Am J Ophthalmol . 1973;75:930–942
  26. Newell FW . Fundus changes in persistent and recurrent choroidal folds . Br J Ophthalmol . 1984;68:32–35
  27. Schwenn O , Kersten I , Dick HB , Muller H , Pfeiffer N . Effects of early postfiltration ocular hypotony on visual acuity, long-term intraocular pressure control, and posterior segment morphology . J Glaucoma . 2001;10:85–88
  28. Sibayan SA , Latina MA . Chorioretinal folds following glaucoma valve implantation . Ophthalmic Surg Lasers . 1998;29:242–243
  29. Singh G . Choroidal folds in posterior scleritis . Arch Ophthalmol . 1989;107:168–169
  30. Wolter JR . Parallel horizontal choroidal folds secondary to an orbital tumor . Am J Ophthalmol . 1974;77:669–673
  31. Kita M , Marmor MF . Effects on retinal adhesive force in vivo of metabolically active agents in the subretinal space . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1992;33:1883–1887
  32. Kita M , Marmor MF . Retinal adhesive force in living rabbit, cat, and monkey eyes. Normative data and enhancement by mannitol and acetazolamide . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1992;33:1879–1882
  33. Smolek MK . Holographic interferometry of intact and radially incised human eye-bank corneas . J Cataract Refract Surg . 1994;20:277–286
  34. Cerda E , Ravi-Chandar K , Mahadevan L . Thin films. Wrinkling of an elastic sheet under tension . Nature . 2002;419:579–580
  35. Russell SR , Shepherd JD , Hageman GS . Distribution of glycoconjugates in the human retinal internal limiting membrane . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1991;32:1986–1995
  36. Chong NH , Keonin J , Luthert PJ , et al.   Decreased thickness and integrity of the macular elastic layer of Bruch’s membrane correspond to the distribution of lesions associated with age-related macular degeneration . Am J Pathol . 2005;166:241–251
  37. Curcio CA , Medeiros NE , Millican CL . The Alabama Age-Related Macular Degeneration Grading System for donor eyes . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1998;39:1085–1096
  38. Curcio CA , Millican CL . Basal linear deposit and large drusen are specific for early age-related maculopathy . Arch Ophthalmol . 1999;117:329–339
  39. Guymer R , Luthert P , Bird A . Changes in Bruch’s membrane and related structures with age . Prog Retin Eye Res . 1999;18:59–90
  40. Johnson LV , Anderson DH . Age-related macular degeneration and the extracellular matrix . N Engl J Med . 2004;351:320–322
  41. Johnson LV , Ozaki S , Staples MK , Erickson PA , Anderson DH . A potential role for immune complex pathogenesis in drusen formation . Exp Eye Res . 2000;70:441–449
  42. Karwatowski WS , Jeffries TE , Duance VC , Albon J , Bailey AJ , Easty DL . Collagen and aging in Bruch’s membrane . Biochem Soc Trans . 1991;19:S349
  43. Kiel JW , Reiner AJ . Morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in eyes with age-related macular degeneration . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1997;38:1290–1292
  44. Moore DJ , Hussain AA , Marshall J . Age-related variation in the hydraulic conductivity of Bruch’s membrane . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1995;36:1290–1297
  45. Ramrattan RS , van der Schaft TL , Mooy CM , de Bruijn WC , Mulder PG , de Jong PT . Morphometric analysis of Bruch’s membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1994;35:2857–2864
  46. Spraul CW , Grossniklaus HE . Characteristics of Drusen and Bruch’s membrane in postmortem eyes with age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1997;115:267–273
  47. Spraul CW , Lang GE , Grossniklaus HE . Morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in eyes with age-related macular degeneration . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1996;37:2724–2735
  48. Spraul CW , Lang GE , Grossniklaus HE , Lang GK . Histologic and morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in postmortem eyes with age-related macular degeneration and histologic examination of surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes . Surv Ophthalmol . 1999;44:S10–S32
  49. van der Schaft TL , de Bruijn WC , Mooy CM , de Jong PT . Basal laminar deposit in the aging peripheral human retina . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1993;231:470–475
  50. van der Schaft TL , Mooy CM , de Bruijn WC , de Jong PT . Early stages of age-related macular degeneration (an immunofluorescence and electron microscopy study) . Br J Ophthalmol . 1993;77:657–661
  51. van der Schaft TL , Mooy CM , de Bruijn WC , Oron FG , Mulder PG , de Jong PT . Histologic features of the early stages of age-related macular degeneration. A statistical analysis . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:278–286

 Supported in part by the Eye Surgery Fund, Robert L. Burch III Fund, the Macula Foundation, the Hickey Foundation, and Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York, New York.

PII: S0002-9394(06)00482-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.04.019

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 142, Issue 3 , Pages 435-440.e1 , September 2006