American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 142, Issue 5 , Pages 730-735.e1 , November 2006

The In vitro Impact of Moxifloxacin and Gatifloxacin Concentration (0.5% vs 0.3%) and the Addition of Benzalkonium Chloride on Antibacterial Efficacy

  • Regis P. Kowalski, MS, [M]ASCP

      Affiliations

    • Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
    • UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Regis P. Kowalski, MS, [M]ASCP, The Eye and Ear Institute Bldg., Ophthalmic Microbiology, Room 642, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
    • ,
  • Brittany R. Kowalski

      Affiliations

    • UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    • ,
  • Eric G. Romanowski, MS

      Affiliations

    • UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    • ,
  • Francis S. Mah, MD

      Affiliations

    • UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    • ,
  • Paul P. Thompson, BMEDSC

      Affiliations

    • UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    • ,
  • Y. Jerold Gordon, MD

      Affiliations

    • UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

,Accepted 1 June 2006.

References 

  1. Mather R, Karenchak LM, Romanowski EG, Kowalski RP. Fourth-generation fluoroquinolones: new weapons in the arsenal of ophthalmic antibiotics. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:463–466
  2. Kowalski RP, Dhaliwal DK, Karenchak LM, Romanowski EG, et al. Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin: an in vitro susceptibility comparison to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin using bacterial keratitis isolates. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:500–505
  3. Kowalski RP, Yates KA, Romanowski EG, et al. An ophthalmologist’s guide to understanding antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1987–1991
  4. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. In: Methods for dilution antimicrobials susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, ed. 4 (Approved standard). vol. 20:Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 2003;document M7-A6, No. 2
  5. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; fifteenth informational supplement. vol. 24. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2005;document M100-S15, No. 1
  6. Kowalski RP, Pandya AN, Karenchak LM, et al. An in vitro resistance study of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin using keratitis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1826–1829
  7. Kim DH, Stark WJ, O’Brien TP, Dick JD. Aqueous penetration and biological activity of moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution and gatifloxacin 0.3% solution in cataract surgery patients. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1992–1996
  8. Pillai SK, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM. Antimicrobial combinations. In:  Lorian V editors. Antibiotics in laboratory medicine. 5th ed.. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 365–440
  9. Holm SE, Tornqvist IO, Cars O. Paradoxical effects of antibiotics. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1990;74:113–117
  10. Lambert RJ. Comparative analysis of antibiotic and antimicrobial biocide susceptibility data in clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 1989 and 2000. J Appl Microbiol. 2004;97:699–711
  11. Solomon R, Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, et al. Penetration of topically applied gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5%, and ciprofloxacin 0.3% into the aqueous humor. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:466–469

 Supported by the Eye and Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has provided salary support. Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York, New York has provided financial support to the Department of Ophthalmology.The authors are paid consultant fees and have performed contract research for Allergan, Inc (Irvine, California) and Alcon Laboratories, Inc (Ft Worth, Texas).

PII: S0002-9394(06)00694-5

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.006

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 142, Issue 5 , Pages 730-735.e1 , November 2006

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