American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 145, Issue 1 , Pages 5-11.e10 , January 2008

Characteristics of Untreated AIDS-related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis. I. Findings before the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (1988 to 1994)

  • Gary N. Holland

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Gary N. Holland, Jules Stein Eye Institute, 100 Stein Plaza UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
    • ,
  • Jean D. Vaudaux

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Samuel M. Jeng

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Fei Yu

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • David T. Goldenberg

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Ina-Caren Folz

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • William G. Cumberland

      Affiliations

    • Biostatistics and Biomathematics Collaborative AIDS Research Unit of the UCLA AIDS Institute and the Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Colin A. McCannel

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Craig J. Helm

      Affiliations

    • Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • W. David Hardy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
    • ,
  • UCLA CMV Retinitis Study Group

,Accepted 17 September 2007.

References 

  1. Holland GN, Vaudaux JD, Shiramizu KM, et al. Characteristics of untreated, AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis: II. Findings in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART (1997 to 2000). Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:12–22
  2. Holland GN. New strategies for the management of AIDS-related CMV retinitis in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1999;7:179–188
  3. Holland GN, Tufail A, Jordan M. Cytomegalovirus diseases. In:  Pepose JS,  Holland GN,  Wilhelmus KR editor. Ocular Infection & Immunity. 72:St Louis, Missouri: Mosby-Year Book Inc; 1996;p. 1088–1128
  4. Smith ME. Retinal involvement in adult cytomegalic inclusion disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1964;72:44–49
  5. Holland GN, Pepose JS, Pettit TH, et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Ocular manifestations). Ophthalmology. 1983;90:859–873
  6. Pepose JS, Holland GN, Nestor MS, et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Pathogenic mechanisms of ocular disease). Ophthalmology. 1985;92:472–484
  7. Jabs DA. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1995;93:623–683
  8. Pertel P, Hirschtick R, Phair J, et al. Risk of developing cytomegalovirus retinitis in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1992;5:1069–1074
  9. Hoover DR, Peng Y, Saah A, et al. Occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis after human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppression. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:821–827
  10. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial: 5. Clinical features of cytomegalovirus retinitis at diagnosis). Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:141–157
  11. Bloom JN, Palestine AG. The diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:963–969
  12. Henderly DE, Freeman WR, Causey DM, Rao NA. Cytomegalovirus retinitis and response to therapy with ganciclovir. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:425–434
  13. Sha BE, Benson CA, Deutsch TA, et al. Suppression of cytomegalovirus retinitis in persons with AIDS with high-dose intravenous acyclovir. J Infect Dis. 1991;164:777–780
  14. Fay MT, Freeman WR, Wiley CA, et al. Atypical retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;105:483–490
  15. Guyer DR, Jabs DA, Brant AM, et al. Regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis with zidovudine (A clinicopathologic correlation). Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:868–874
  16. D’Amico DJ, Skolnik PR, Kosloff BR, et al. Resolution of cytomegalovirus retinitis with zidovudine therapy: case report. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106:1168–1169
  17. Holland GN, Shuler JD. Progression rates of cytomegalovirus retinopathy in ganciclovir- treated and untreated patients. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:1435–1442
  18. Holland GN, Buhles WC, Mastre B, Kaplan HJ. A controlled retrospective study of ganciclovir treatment for cytomegalovirus retinopathy (Use of a standardized system for the assessment of disease outcome. UCLA CMV Retinopathy Study Group). Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1759–1766
  19. Holland GN, Sidikaro Y, Kreiger AE, et al. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinopathy with ganciclovir. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:815–823
  20. Jabs DA, Newman C, de Bustros S, Polk BF. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with ganciclovir. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:824–830
  21. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial. 4. Visual outcomes). Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1250–1261
  22. Davis MG, Kenney SC, Kamine J, et al. Immediate-early gene region of human cytomegalovirus transactivates the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987;84:8642–8646
  23. Skolnik PR, Kosloff BR, Hirsch MS. Bidirectional interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis. 1988;157:508–514
  24. Feinberg JE, Hurwitz S, Cooper D, et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of valacyclovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 204/Glaxo Wellcome 123-014 International CMV Prophylaxis Study Group). J Infect Dis. 1998;177:48–56
  25. Spector SA, McKinley GF, Lalezari JP, et al. Oral ganciclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in persons with AIDS (Roche Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group). N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1491–1497

 Supplemental Material available at AJO.com.

PII: S0002-9394(07)00846-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.09.023

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 145, Issue 1 , Pages 5-11.e10 , January 2008

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