American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 145, Issue 4 , Pages 682-686 , April 2008

Vitreous Penetration of Orally Administered Valacyclovir

  • Tony H. Huynh

      Affiliations

    • W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    • ,
  • Mark W. Johnson

      Affiliations

    • W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Mark W. Johnson, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
    • ,
  • Grant M. Comer

      Affiliations

    • W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    • ,
  • Douglas N. Fish

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado.

,Accepted 16 November 2007.

References 

  1. Urayama A, Yamada N, Sasaki T, et al. Unilateral acute uveitis with periarteritis and detachment. Rinsho Ganka. 1971;25:607–619
  2. Culbertson WW, Blumenkranz MS, Pepose JS, Stewart JA, Curtin VT. Varicella zoster virus is a cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:559–569
  3. Holland GN Executive Committee of the American Uveitis Society. Standard diagnostic criteria for the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:663–667
  4. Silverstein BE, Conrad D, Margolis TP, Wong IG. Cytomegalovirus-associated acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:257–258
  5. Kramer S, Brummer C, Zierhut M. Epstein-Barr virus associated acute retinal necrosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:114
  6. Pepose JS, Van Gelder RN. Acute retinal necrosis syndrome. In:  Ryan SJ,  Hinton DR,  Schachat AJ,  Wilkinson P editor. 4th ed.. Retina, Medical retina. Vol. 2:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Mosby; 2006;p. 1673–1681
  7. Aslanides IM, De Souza S, Wong DT, et al. Oral valacyclovir in the treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Retina. 2002;22:352–354
  8. Aizman A, Johnson MW, Elner SG. Treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome with oral antiviral medications. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:307–312
  9. Emerson GG, Smith JR, Wilson DJ, Rosenbaum JT, Flaxel CJ. Primary treatment of acute retinal necrosis with oral antiviral therapy. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:2259–2261
  10. Soul-Lawton J, Seaber E, On N, Wootton R, Rolan P, Posner J. Absolute bioavailability and metabolic disposition of valacyclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, following oral administration to humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:2759–2764
  11. Granero GE, Amidon GL. Stability of valacyclovir: implications for its oral bioavailability. Int J Pharmacol. 2006;317:14–18
  12. Weller S, Blum MR, Doucette M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir prodrug, valacyclovir after escalating single- and multiple-dose administration to normal volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993;54:595–605
  13. Hoglund M, Ljungman P, Weller S. Comparable acyclovir exposures produced by oral valacyclovir and intravenous acyclovir in immunocompromised cancer patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;47:855–861
  14. Physician Desk Reference. In: 60th ed.. Montvale, New Jersey: Thompson PDR; 2006;p. 1573
  15. O’Brien JJ, Campoli-Richards DM. Acyclovir: an updated review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1989;37:233–309
  16. Lycke J, Malmestrom C, Stahle L. Acyclovir levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration of valacyclovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:2438–2441
  17. Dias C, Nashed Y, Atluri H, Mitra A. Ocular penetration of acyclovir and its peptide prodrugs valacyclovir and val-valacyclovir following systemic administration in rabbits: an evaluation using ocular microdialysis and LC-MS. Curr Eye Res. 2002;25:243–252

PII: S0002-9394(07)00986-5

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.11.016

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 145, Issue 4 , Pages 682-686 , April 2008

Article Tools