American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 145, Issue 4 , Pages 598-603.e1 , April 2008

Role of Optic Nerve Imaging in Glaucoma Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials

  • David S. Greenfield

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to David S. Greenfield, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 7101 Fairway Drive, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418
    • ,
  • Robert N. Weinreb

      Affiliations

    • Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.

,Accepted 13 December 2007.

References 

  1. Weinreb RN, Greve EL. Glaucoma diagnosis. In: Amsterdam: Kugler Publications; 2004;p. 155–157
  2. Lin SC, Singh K, Jampel HD, et al. Optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber analysis (A report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology). Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1937–1949
  3. Fremont AM, Lee PP, Mangione CM, et al. Patterns of care for open-angle glaucoma in managed care. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:777–783
  4. Hertzog LH, Albrecht KG, LaBree L, Lee PP. Glaucoma care and conformance with preferred practice patterns (Examination of the private, community-based ophthalmologist). Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1009–1013
  5. Friedman DS, Nordstrom B, Mozaffari E, Quigley HA. Glaucoma management among individuals enrolled in a single comprehensive insurance plan. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1500–1504
  6. Hoffmann EM, Zangwill LM, Crowston JG, Weinreb RN. Optic disk size and glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:32–49
  7. Zangwill LM, Jain S, Racette L, et al. The effect of disc size and severity of disease on the diagnostic accuracy of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Glaucoma Probability Score. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:2653–2660
  8. Garway-Heath D, Ruben ST, Viswanathan A, Hitchings RA. Vertical cup/disc ratio in relation to optic disc size: its value in the assessment of the glaucoma suspect. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1118–1124
  9. Hoffmann EM, Bowd C, Medeiros FA, et al. Agreement among 3 optical imaging methods for the assessment of optic disc topography. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:2149–2156
  10. Miglior S, Pfeiffer N, et al. European Glaucoma Prevention Study Group Predictive factors for open-angle glaucoma among patients with ocular hypertension in the European Glaucoma Prevention Study. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:3–9
  11. Gordon MO, Beiser JA, Brandt JD, et al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:714–720
  12. Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN, Sample PA, et al. Validation of a predictive model to estimate the risk of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:1351–1360
  13. Mohammadi K, Bowd C, Weinreb RN, Medeiros FA, Sample PA, Zangwill LM. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements with scanning laser polarimetry predict glaucomatous visual field loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138:592–601
  14. Lalezary M, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN, et al. Baseline optical coherence tomography predicts the development of glaucomatous change in glaucoma suspects. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142:576–582
  15. Deleon-Ortega JE, Arthur SN, McGwin G, Xie A, Monheit BE, Girkin CA. Discrimination between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes using quantitative imaging devices and subjective optic nerve head assessment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:3374–3380
  16. Greaney MJ, Hoffman DC, Garway-Heath DF, Nakla M, Coleman AL, Caprioli J. Comparison of optic nerve imaging methods to distinguish normal eyes from those with glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:140–145
  17. Hoyt WF, Frisén L, Newman NM. Funduscopy of nerve fiber layer defects in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973;12:814–829
  18. Quigley HA, Addicks EM, Green RW. Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma (III. Quantitative correlation of nerve fiber loss and visual field defect in glaucoma, ischemic neuropathy, papilledema, and toxic neuropathy). Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:135–146
  19. Sommer A, Katz J, Quigley HA, et al. Clinically detectable nerve fiber layer atrophy precedes the onset of glaucomatous field loss. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:77–83
  20. Kerrigan-Baumrind LA, Quigley HA, Pease ME, Kerrigan DF, Mitchell RS. Number of ganglion cells in glaucoma eyes compared with threshold visual field tests in the same persons. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:741–748
  21. Kim TW, Zangwill LM, Bowd C, Sample PA, Shah N, Weinreb RN. Retinal nerve fiber layer damage as assessed by optical coherence tomography in eyes with a visual field defect detected by frequency doubling technology perimetry but not by standard automated perimetry. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1053–1057
  22. Bagga H, Feuer WJ, Greenfield DS. Detection of psychophysical and structural injury in eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and normal standard automated perimetry. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:169–176
  23. Schuman JS, Pedut-Kloizman T, Pakter H, et al. Optical coherence tomography and histologic measurements of nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous monkey eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3645–3654
  24. Ervin JC, Lemij HG, Mills RP, Quigley HA, Thompson HW, Burgoyne CF. Clinician change detection viewing longitudinal stereophotographs compared to confocal scanning laser tomography in the LSU Experimental Glaucoma (LEG) Study. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:467–481
  25. Shimazawa M, Tomita G, Taniguchi T, et al. Morphometric evaluation of changes with time in optic disc structure and thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer in chronic ocular hypertensive monkeys. Exp Eye Res. 2006;82:427–440
  26. Chauhan BC, McCormick TA, Nicolela MT, LeBlanc RP. Optic disc and visual field changes in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma: comparison of scanning laser tomography with conventional perimetry and optic disc photography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1492–1499
  27. Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, et al. Optical coherence tomography longitudinal evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:464–470
  28. Nicolela MT, McCormick TA, Drance SM, Ferrier SN, LeBlanc RP, Chauhan BC. Visual field and optic disc progression in patients with different types of optic disc damage: a longitudinal prospective study. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:2178–2184
  29. Artes PH, Nicolela MT, Leblanc RP, Chauhan BC. Visual field progression in glaucoma: total versus pattern deviation analyses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:4600–4606
  30. European Glaucoma Prevention Study Group. Results of the European Glaucoma Prevention Study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:366–375
  31. Kass MA, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, et al. The ocular hypertension treatment study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:701–713
  32. Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B, Hussein M. Measuring visual field progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003;81:286–293
  33. The Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group. Comparison of glaucomatous progression between untreated patients with normal-tension glaucoma and patients with therapeutically reduced intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;126:487–497
  34. Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, et al. Long-term intraocular pressure fluctuations and risk of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma. Ophthalmology. Forthcoming.
  35. Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Feuer WJ, et al. Detection and prognostic significance of optic disc hemorrhages during the ocular hypertension treatment study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:2137–2143
  36. Miglior S, Zeyen T, Pfeiffer N, Cunha-Vaz J, Torri V, Adamsons I European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS) Group. Results of the European Glaucoma Prevention Study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:366–375
  37. Leske MC, Heijl A, Hyman L, Bengtsson B. Early manifest glaucoma trial: design and baseline data. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:2144–2153
  38. Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, Beiser JA, et al. Baseline topographic optic disc measurements are associated with the development of primary open-angle glaucoma: The Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Ancillary Study to the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:1188–1197
  39. Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, Berry CC, et al. The Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Ancillary Study to the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: study design and baseline factors. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:219–227
  40. Greenfield DS, Huang X-R, Knighton RW. Effect of corneal polarization axis on assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by scanning laser polarimetry. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129:715–722
  41. Greenfield DS, Knighton RW, Feuer W, Schiffman J, Zangwill L, Weinreb RN. Correction for corneal polarization axis improves the discriminating power of scanning laser polarimetry. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:27–33
  42. Bowd C, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM. The effect of atypical birefringence patterns on glaucoma detection using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:223–227
  43. Zhou Q, Weinreb RN. Individualized compensation of anterior segment birefringence during scanning laser polarimetry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2221–2228
  44. Bagga H, Greenfield DS, Feuer W. Quantitative assessment of atypical birefringence images using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:437–446
  45. Wu Z, Vazeen M, Varma R, et al. Factors associated with variability in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements obtained by optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1505–1512
  46. Ray R, Stinnett SS, Jaffe GJ. Evaluation of image artifact produced by optical coherence tomography of retinal pathology. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:18–29
  47. Weinreb RN, Medeiros FA. Is scanning laser polarimetry ready for clinical practice?. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:674–676
  48. Drexler W. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt. 2004;9:47–74

PII: S0002-9394(07)01071-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.018

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 145, Issue 4 , Pages 598-603.e1 , April 2008

Article Tools