American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 146, Issue 3 , Pages 385-394.e1 , September 2008

Superior Oblique Palsy with Class III Tendon Anomaly

  • Miho Sato

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
    • Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Miho Sato, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
    • ,
  • Emi Amano Iwata

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
    • Department of Ophthalmology, Nishio Municipal Hospital, Kumami-cyo, Nishio-city, Japan
    • ,
  • Yoshiko Takai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
    • ,
  • Akiko Hikoya

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
    • ,
  • Yuka Maruyama Koide

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan

,Accepted 13 May 2008.

References 

  1. Helveston EM, Krach D, Plager DA, Ellis FD. A new classification of superior oblique palsy based on congenital variations in the tendon. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1609–1615
  2. Ozkan SB, Aribal ME, Sener EC, Sanac AS, Gurcan F. Magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of congenital and acquired superior oblique palsy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1997;34:29–34
  3. Sato M. Magnetic resonance imaging and tendon anomaly associated with congenital superior oblique palsy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:379–387
  4. Demer JL, Miller JM. Magnetic resonance imaging of the functional anatomy of the superior oblique muscle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:906–913
  5. Wallace DK, von Noorden GK. Clinical characteristics and surgical management of congenital absence of the superior oblique tendon. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:63–69
  6. Chan TK, Demer JL. Clinical features of congenital absence of the superior oblique muscle as demonstrated by orbital imaging. J AAPOS. 1999;3:143–150
  7. Lo C-Y. Congenital anomalies in insertions of the superior oblique tendon. Nippon Ganka Rinsho Ihou (Japanese). 1990;84:807–810
  8. Sato M, Maeda M, Ohmura T, Miyazaki Y. Clinical characteristics of class III congenital superior oblique palsy (Berufsverband der Orthoptistinnen, Deutschlands e.V.). In: Nurnberg: Trans of IX International Orthoptic Congress; 1999;p. 306
  9. Guyton DL. Exaggerated traction test for the oblique muscles. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:1035–1040
  10. Plager DA. Tendon laxity in superior oblique palsy. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1032–1038
  11. Sato M, Amano E, Okamoto Y, Ota Y, Hirai T. Interexaminer differences in the traction test of the superior oblique tendon. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005;49:216–219
  12. Hussein MA, Stager DR, Beauchamp GR, Stager DR, Felius J. Anterior and nasal transposition of the inferior oblique muscles in patients with missing superior oblique tendons. J AAPOS. 2007;11:29–33

PII: S0002-9394(08)00383-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.013

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 146, Issue 3 , Pages 385-394.e1 , September 2008

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