American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 146, Issue 3 , Pages 344-345 , September 2008

Clues as to the Pathophysiology of Retinal Hemorrhages in Shaken Baby Syndrome Determined with Optical Coherence Tomography

  • Brian John Forbes

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Brian John Forbes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104

,Accepted 11 June 2008.

References 

  1. Guthkelch A. Serious side effects of shaking were described in 1971. Br Med J. 1995;310:1600
  2. Caffey J. The Whiplash-Shaken Infant syndrome: manual shaking by the extremities with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleedings, linked with residual permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Pediatrics. 1974;54:396–403
  3. Duhaime A, Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE. The Shaken Baby syndrome: a clinical, pathological, and biomechanical study. J Neurosurg. 1987;66:409–415
  4. Levin A. Ocular manifestations of child abuse. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 1990;3:249–264
  5. Morad Y, Kim YM, Armstrong DC, Huyer D, Mian M, Levin AV. Correlation between retinal abnormalities and intracranial abnormalities in the Shaken Baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:354–359
  6. Green MA, Lieberman G, Milroy CM, Parsons MA. Ocular and cerebral trauma in non-accidental injury in infancy: underlying mechanisms and implications for paediatric practice. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80:282–287
  7. Kivlin JD, Simons KB, Lazoritz A, Ruttum MS. Shaken Baby syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:1246–1254
  8. Pierre-Kahn V, Roche O, Dureau P. Ophthalmologic findings in suspected child abuse victims with subdural hematomas. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1718–1723
  9. Sturm V, Landau K, Menke MN. Optical coherence tomography findings in Shaken Baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:363–368
  10. Morad Y, Kim YM, Armstrong DC, Huyer D, Mian M, Levin AV. Correlation between retinal abnormalities and intracranial abnormalities in the Shaken Baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:354–359
  11. Gaynon M, Koh K, Marmor M, Frankel LR. Retinal folds in the Shaken Baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;106:423–425
  12. Brinker T. Breakdown of the meningeal barrier surrounding the intraorbital optic nerve after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:373–380
  13. Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Levin AV, Shafiq A, et al. Postmortem orbital findings in Shaken Baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142:233–240
  14. Levin AV. Retinal haemorrhages and child abuse. In:  David TJ editors. Recent Advances in Paediatrics 18. London, England: Churchill Livingstone; 2000;p. 151–219

 See accompanying Article on page 363.

PII: S0002-9394(08)00481-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.06.015

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 146, Issue 3 , Pages 344-345 , September 2008

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