American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 149, Issue 1 , Pages 160-169 , January 2010

The Association of Smoking and Alcohol Use With Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Oldest Old: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures

  • Anne L. Coleman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Anne L. Coleman, Jules Stein Eye Institute, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095
    • ,
  • Robin L. Seitzman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Steven R. Cummings

      Affiliations

    • San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Fei Yu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Jane A. Cauley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Kristine E. Ensrud

      Affiliations

    • Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
    • ,
  • Katie L. Stone

      Affiliations

    • San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Marc C. Hochberg

      Affiliations

    • Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
    • ,
  • Kathryn L. Pedula

      Affiliations

    • Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Northwest/Hawaii, Portland, Oregon
    • ,
  • Edgar L. Thomas

      Affiliations

    • The Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Beverly Hills, California
    • Deceased.
    • ,
  • Carol M. Mangione

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • The Study Of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group

,Accepted 18 July 2009.

References 

  1. Klein R, Wang Q, Klein BE, et al. The relationship of age-related maculopathy, cataract, and glaucoma to visual acuity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:182–191
  2. Klein R, Klein BE, Linton KL. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy (The Beaver Dam Eye Study). Ophthalmology. 1992;99:933–943
  3. Rahmani B, Tielsch JM, Katz J, et al. The cause-specific prevalence of visual impairment in an urban population (The Baltimore Eye Survey). Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1721–1726
  4. Friedman DS, Katz J, Bressler NM, et al. Racial differences in the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration: the Baltimore Eye Survey. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1049–1055
  5. Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, et al. Age-related maculopathy in a multiracial United States population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1056–1065
  6. Klein R, Klein BE, Linton KL, DeMets DL. The Beaver Dam Eye Study: the relation of age-related maculopathy to smoking. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137:190–200
  7. Clemons TE, Milton RC, Klein R, Seddon JM, Ferris FL Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors for the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) (AREDS Report No. 19). Ophthalmology. 2005;112:533–539
  8. Seddon JM, Reynolds R, Maller J, et al. Prediction model for prevalence and incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration based on genetic, demographic, and environmental variables. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:2044–2053
  9. Tan JSL, Paul Mitchell O, Kifley A, et al. Smoking and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125:1089–1095
  10. Schmidt S, Haines JL, Postel EA, et al. Joint effects of smoking history and APOE genotypes in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis. 2005;11:941–949
  11. Klein R, Klein BE, Tomany SC, Moss SE. Ten-year incidence of age-related maculopathy and smoking and drinking: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:589–598
  12. Ritter LL, Klein R, Klein BE, Mares-Perlman JA, Jensen SC. Alcohol use and age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;120:190–196
  13. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, Meuer SM. Alcohol consumption and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:789–794
  14. Obisesan TO, Hirsch R, Kosoko O, Carlson L, Parrott M. Moderate wine consumption is associated with decreased odds of developing age-related macular degeneration in NHANES-1. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:1–7
  15. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, et al. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:767–773
  16. Cauley JA, Lui LY, Ensrud KE, et al. Bone mineral density and the risk of incident nonspinal fractures in black and white women. JAMA. 2005;293:2102–2108
  17. Klein R, Davis MD, Magli YL, et al. The Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1128–1134
  18. Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, Cruickshanks KJ. The relationship of ocular factors to the incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:506–513
  19. Afifi AA, Kotlerman JB, Ettner SL, Cowan M. Methods for improving regression analysis for skewed continuous or counted responses. Ann Rev Public Health. 2007;28:95–111
  20. Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, Meuer SM. The 5-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:7–21
  21. Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Foran S, Smith W. Five-year incidence of age-related maculopathy lesions: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1092–1097
  22. van Leeuwen R, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, de Jong PT. The risk and natural course of age-related maculopathy: follow-up at 6 and a half years in the Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:519–526erratum: Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:955.
  23. Leske MC, Wu SY, Hyman L, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Schachat AP Barbados Eye Studies Group. Four-year incidence of macular changes in the Barbados Eye Studies. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:706–711
  24. Arnarsson A, Sverrisson T, Stefansson E, et al. Risk factors for 5-year incident age-related macular degeneration: the Reykjavik Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142:419–428
  25. Varma R, Fraser-Bell S, Tan S, Klein R, Azen SP Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1288–1297
  26. Buch H, Vinding T, la Cour M, Jensen GB, Prause JU, Nielsen NV. Risk factors for age-related maculopathy in a 14-year follow-up study: the Copenhagen City Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2005;83:409–418
  27. Bettman JW, Fellows V, Chao P. The effect of cigarette smoking on the intraocular circulation. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1958;59:481–488
  28. Tomany SC, Wang JJ, van Leeuwen R, et al. Risk factors for incident age-related macular degeneration (Pooled findings from 3 continents). Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1280–1287
  29. Alberg A. The influence of cigarette smoking on circulating concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients. Toxicology. 2002;180:121–137
  30. Hammond BR, Wooten BR, Snodderly DM. Cigarette smoking and retinal carotenoids: implications for age-related macular degeneration. Vision Res. 1996;36:3003–3009
  31. Chong EWT, Kreis AJ, Wong TY, Simpson JA, Guymer RH. Alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:707–715
  32. Rudnicka AR, Mt-Isa S, Owen CG, Cook DG, Ashby D. Variations in primary open-angle glaucoma prevalence by age, gender, and race: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:4254–4261
  33. Leske MC, Chylack LT, Wu SY The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study Group. The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study: Risk factors for cataract. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:244–251
  34. Lautenschlager NT, Cupples LA, Rao VS, et al. Risk of dementia among relatives of Alzheimer's disease patients in the MIRAGE Study: What is in store for the oldest old?. Neurology. 1996;46:641–650

PII: S0002-9394(09)00537-6

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.07.025

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 149, Issue 1 , Pages 160-169 , January 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution