American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 149, Issue 3 , Pages 405-415 , March 2010

A Simplified Quantitative Method for Assessing Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca From the Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry

  • John P. Whitcher

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Caroline H. Shiboski

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Stephen C. Shiboski

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Ana Maria Heidenreich

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, German Hospital and University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    • ,
  • Kazuko Kitagawa

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
    • ,
  • Shunhua Zhang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
    • ,
  • Steffen Hamann

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
    • ,
  • Genevieve Larkin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Nancy A. McNamara

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • John S. Greenspan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Troy E. Daniels

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Troy E. Daniels, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0422, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143–0422
    • ,
  • Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Research Groups

,Accepted 18 September 2009.

References 

  1. Sjögren H. Zur Kenntis der Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Keratitis filiformis bei Hypofunktion der Tranendrusen). Acta Ophthalmol. 1933;(Suppl 2):1–151
  2. Pfluger . Zur Ernahrung der cornea. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1882;20:69–81
  3. Holm S. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and the sicca syndrome. Acta Ophthamologica Suppl. 1949;33:1–230
  4. van Bijsterveld OP. Diagnostic tests in the sicca syndrome. Arch Ophthal. 1969;82:10–14
  5. Norn MS. Lissamine green: Vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva. Acta Ophthalmologica. 1973;51:483–491
  6. Norn MS. Vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva: fluorescein-rose Bengal mixture and tetrazolium-Alcian blue mixture. Acta Ophthamologica Suppl. 1972;113:3–66
  7. Manning FJ, Wehrly SR, Foulks GN. Patient tolerance and ocular surface staining characteristics of lissamine green versus Rose Bengal. Ophthalmology. 1995;102:1953–1957
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  9. Bron AJ, Evans VE, Smith JA, et al. Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry tests. Cornea. 2003;22:640–650
  10. Daniels TE, Criswell LA, Shiboski C, et al. An early view of the International Sjögren's Syndrome Registry. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:711–714
  11. Mengher LS, Pandher KS, Bron AJ. Non-invasive tear film break-up time: sensitivity and specificity. Acta Ophthalmol. 1986;64:441–444
  12. Feenstra RP, Tseng SC. What is actually stained by rose Bengal?. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:984–993
  13. Chodosh J, Dix RD, Howell WG, et al. Staining characteristics and antiviral activity of sulforhodamine B and lissamine green B. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:1046–1058
  14. Feenstra RP, Tseng SC. Comparison of fluorescein and rose Bengal staining. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:605–617
  15. Versura P, Frigato M, Mule R, et al. A proposal of new ocular items in Sjögren's syndrome classification criteria. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24:567–572
  16. Versura P, Frigato M, Cellini M, et al. Diagnostic performance of tear function tests in Sjögren's syndrome. Eye. 2007;21:229–237
  17. Kruize AA, Hene R, van der Heide A, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:297–303
  18. Pillemer SR, Matteson E, Jacobsson L, et al. Incidence of physician-diagnosed primary Sjögren syndrome in residents of Olmsted county, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:593–599
  19. Vitali C, Moutsopoulos H, Bombardieri S. The European community study group on diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (Sensitivity and specificity of tests for ocular and oral involvement in Sjögren's syndrome). Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53:637–647
  20. Brewitt H, Sistani F. Dry eye disease: the scale of the problem. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45:S199–S202
  21. Whitcher JP, Gritz DC, Daniels TE. The dry eye: a diagnostic dilemma. Int Opthalmol Clin. 1998;38:23–37
  22. Dry Eye Workshop. Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the diagnostic methodology subcommittee of the international dry eye workshop (2007). The Ocular Surface. 2007;5:108–152
  23. Dry Eye Workshop. Research in dry eye: report of the research subcommittee of the international dry eye workshop (2007). The Ocular Surface. 2007;5:179–193

PII: S0002-9394(09)00726-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.09.013

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 149, Issue 3 , Pages 405-415 , March 2010

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