American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 149, Issue 5 , Pages 752-761.e3 , May 2010

Four-Year Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

  • Rohit Varma

      Affiliations

    • Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationInquiries to Rohit Varma, Doheny Eye Institute, Suite 4900, 1450 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90033
    • ,
  • Farzana Choudhury

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Ronald Klein

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
    • ,
  • Jessica Chung

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Mina Torres

      Affiliations

    • Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Stanley P. Azen

      Affiliations

    • Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group

,Accepted 6 November 2009.

References 

  1. US Census Bureau. The Hispanic population (Census 2000 brief). Washington, DC: United States Census; 2000;Issued May 2001 http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-3.pdfAccessed December 15, 2009
  2. U.S. Census Bureau. US Census Bureau projections of the resident population by race, Hispanic origin, and nativity: middle series 2050 to 2070, NP-T5-G ed. Washington, DC. http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/ppl47.htmlAccessed December 15, 2009
  3. Wilson MR, Eezzuduemhoi DR. Ophthalmologic disorders in minority populations. Med Clin North Am. 2005;89:795–804
  4. West SK, Klein R, Rodriguez J, et al. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1204–1209
  5. Varma R, Torres M, Pena F, Klein R, Azen SP. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in adult Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1298–1306
  6. Hamman RF, Mayer EJ, Moo-Young GA, Hildebrandt W, Marshall JA, Baxter J. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics with NIDDM (San Luis Valley Diabetes Study). Diabetes. 1989;38:1231–1237
  7. McBean AM, Li S, Gilbertson DT, Collins AJ. Differences in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality among the elderly of four racial/ethnic groups: whites, blacks, hispanics, and asians. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2317–2324
  8. Tudor SM, Hamman RF, Baron A, Johnson DW, Shetterly SM. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites with type 2 diabetes (San Luis Valley Diabetes Study, Colorado). Diabetes Care. 1998;21:53–61
  9. Varma R, Wu J, Chong K, Azen SP, Hays RD. Impact of severity and bilaterality of visual impairment on health-related quality of life. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1846–1853
  10. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of diabetic retinopathy. XIV. Ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:1217–1228
  11. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII (The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes). Ophthalmology. 1998;105:1801–1815
  12. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. X. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 years or more. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:244–249
  13. Leske MC, Wu SY, Hyman L, Nemesure B, Hennis A, Schachat AP. Four-year incidence of visual impairment: Barbados Incidence Study of Eye Diseases. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:118–124
  14. Leske MC, Wu SY, Nemesure B, Yang L, Hennis A. Nine-year incidence of lens opacities in the Barbados Eye Studies. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:483–490
  15. Varma R, Paz SH, Azen SP, et al. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study: design, methods, and baseline data. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1121–1131
  16. Klein R, Klein BE, Magli YL, et al. An alternative method of grading diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1183–1187
  17. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs—an extension of the modified Airlie House classification (ETDRS report number 10). Ophthalmology. 1991;98:786–806
  18. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Patient eligibility and exclusion criteria (ETDRS Manual of Operations). In: Baltimore, Maryland: Medical Research Institute; 1980;p. 110
  19. Tapp RJ, Tikellis G, Wong TY, Harper CA, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE. Longitudinal association of glucose metabolism with retinopathy: results from the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1349–1354
  20. Younis N, Broadbent DM, Vora JP, Harding SP. Incidence of sight-threatening retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study: a cohort study. Lancet. 2003;361:195–200
  21. Varma R, Macias GL, Torres M, Klein R, Pena FY, Azen SP. Biologic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1332–1340
  22. Klein R, Klein BE, Lee KE, Cruickshanks KJ, Chappell RJ. Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 10-year period: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1757–1766

 Supplemental Material available at AJO.com.

PII: S0002-9394(09)00877-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.11.014

American Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 149, Issue 5 , Pages 752-761.e3 , May 2010

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